MRI, also known as magnetic resonance imaging, is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve x-rays or the use of ionizing radiation, which distinguishes it from CT and PET scans. MRI is a medical application of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) which can also be used for imaging in other NMR applications, such as NMR spectroscopy.

MRI, also known as magnetic resonance imaging, is called magnetic resonance imaging. The nuclei often used by people are 1H, 11B, 13C, 17O, 19F and 31P. At the beginning of this technology, it was called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. By the early 1980s, As a new medical technology, the term NMR imaging is becoming more and more familiar to the public. With the installation of large magnets, some people begin to worry that the letter "n" may have a negative impact on the development of magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, "nuclear" It is also easy for hospital staff to associate the magnetic resonance room with another nuclear medicine discipline. Therefore, in order to highlight the advantages that this examination technology does not produce ionizing radiation and distinguish it from nuclear medicine using radioactive elements, radiologists and equipment manufacturers agree to abbreviate "nuclear magnetic resonance imaging" as "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)"


MRI is widely used in hospitals and clinics for medical diagnosis, staging and follow-up of the disease. Compared to CT, MRI provides better contrast in images of soft tissues, e.g. in the brain or abdomen. However, it may be perceived as less comfortable by patients, due to the usually longer and louder measurements with the subject in a long, confining tube. Additionally, implants and other non-removable metals in the body can pose a risk and may exclude some patients from undergoing an MRI examination safely.

Since its development in the 1970s and 1980s, MRI has proven to be a versatile imaging technique. While MRI is most prominently used in diagnostic medicine and biomedical research, it also may be used to form images of non-living objects. Diffusion MRI and Functional MRI extends the utility of MRI to capture neuronal tracts and blood flow respectively in the nervous system, in addition to detailed spatial images. The sustained increase in demand for MRI within health systems has led to concerns about cost-effectiveness and overdiagnosis.

                                                                               

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